Which term refers to a frequency that is an integer multiple of the base frequency?

The term that refers to a frequency that is an integer multiple of the base frequency is harmonic. In the context of sound and electrical signals, the fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform, with all other frequencies being integer multiples of this base frequency termed harmonics.

For example, if the fundamental frequency is 50 Hz, then the first harmonic would be 100 Hz (2 times the fundamental), the second harmonic would be 150 Hz (3 times the fundamental), and so forth. This relationship is crucial in understanding how complex sounds and signals are formed, as well as in the analysis and synthesis of electrical waveforms in various applications, such as audio and communications systems. The concept of harmonics is fundamental in fields like acoustics, electronics, and signal processing.

The other terms listed do not specifically denote this integer multiple relationship. A waveform describes the shape of the signal over time, the fundamental frequency signifies the primary frequency, and the term fundamental tone often refers to the perceived sound associated with this frequency without explicitly linking to the integer multiples concept.