How much current does a motor typically draw at startup compared to its running current?

A motor typically draws significantly more current at startup than during normal running conditions due to the initial inertia it needs to overcome and the absence of back EMF (electromotive force) when it first begins to turn. This phenomenon is often referred to as "inrush current."

The correct option indicates that a motor can draw 6 to 8 times its running current at startup. This range is consistent with many types of electric motors, especially induction motors which are commonly used in industrial applications. During startup, the rotor is stationary, and the motor coil generates a high magnetic field, leading to elevated current consumption until it reaches a certain speed where back EMF begins to counteract the applied voltage, and current levels stabilize to the running state.

Understanding this inrush current is crucial for system design, as it influences transformer sizing, wiring capacity, and protective devices. Therefore, knowing that a motor might require 6 to 8 times its running current at startup helps in making informed decisions about equipment specifications and installations.