How is overvoltage defined?

Overvoltage is specifically defined as a temporary increase in voltage that exceeds the rated level for a system or device. This phenomenon often occurs in electrical systems due to various factors such as lightning strikes, switching surges, or sudden changes in load conditions. The significant aspect of this definition is the emphasis on the temporary nature of the increase, which differentiates overvoltage from a permanent rise in voltage, which would imply a fault condition or equipment failure.

Understanding overvoltage is crucial in electrical engineering and system design, as it can lead to insulation breakdown, equipment damage, or reduced lifespan of electrical components if not properly managed. Effective overvoltage protection strategies, such as surge arresters or voltage regulators, are implemented in systems to mitigate these risks.

The other definitions provided do not accurately capture the transient aspect of overvoltage. A permanent increase in voltage would typically indicate an issue requiring rectification, while a decrease in voltage supply refers to undervoltage conditions, and a standard voltage output does not pertain to variations in voltage levels. Thus, the concept of a temporary spike is integral to understanding overvoltage and its implications in electrical systems.